Thanks for the advice, but I did some tinkering as I didn't have any paint on hand and wanted to see if I could solve this. Here are the final results.
I subjected the brass spacer to heat, to sanding, to heat again, and while it never got darker than a brownish-bronze, the abuse did make it accept a sharpie marker whereas initially the sharpie would just wipe off.
The flat washer responded well to heat and quenching in canola oil. It never got completely black, but dark enough to blend in well.
The acorn nut was more difficult. The chrome finish was resistant to heat and no matter how hot I got it, it would revert to its reflective sheen. I then soaked it in a baking soda bath overnight and it came out dull and flat. I first thought that the baking soda had eaten away the chrome, but I think it had instead changed the composition. I subjected it to heat and it sooted up quickly, but when wiping the soot away with a paper towel it would remain only a golden brown. I tried that four or five times, and thought that instead of paper towel it would be easier to wipe the soot away with an alcohol pad. When I used the alcohol pad, the finish instantly became a deep, flat black -- a permanent finish. The baking soda + heat + alcohol did the job. I don?t know what alchemy I?d performed, but a happier accident I couldn?t have asked for.
I glued the washer and spacer together, so now it performs very much like the original retaining nut. I also filed down the acorn nut a bit for clearance. I?m very happy with the appearance now, and even more so with the function, and am going to keep it this way as I think that it may be more robust than the original design. When pushing on the original retaining nut to release the stock, the pressure would likely ?rock? the nut back and forth on the threads, stressing it over time and stripping it out. With this set up, the pressure is 100% downward on the bolt, and the threads stay intact.
That was a lot time and effort, and probably not the most efficient way to spend it. I could have worked the equivalent in overtime and bought another folding stock, and maybe even another rifle. Overall, however, it?s nice to be able to fix it and make it right, especially when the parts aren?t available. If it doesn?t perform as expected, I?ll post an update.