I don't necessarily agree with the recoil... All AKs recoil more (more felt recoil) than ARs due to the significantly heavier bolt carrier.
Granted, ARs due have a little more muzzle blast if shorter than 18" barrels w/ most ammo and due to being lighter do tend to have more muzzle rise under rapid fire (depending upon muzzle device), but those are about the only major differences I've experienced there.
Almost all AK74s have as stock an excellent muzzle brake that might be what you're experiencing/describing insofar as recoil...
Yes, ARs jam more than AKs, but it's not a function of the caliber, rather the weapon system. There are base level Yugo AKs in 5.56, were Saigas but those are banned, and on the premium end you have Sig 556s and Galils. Tantos and Bulgarians are sort of in between.
Short stroke, you have VZ58s, MPAR 556s (AR18 equivalents), SCARs, ARXs, Mini14s, or even premium ARs like HK, LWRC, LMT, etc, that are all much more reliable than the ARs in your carbine courses...
There is much more ammo selection for 5.56 as well (especially the premium type bullets 68-77 gr OTMs that are far superior to anything available in 5.45). And the steel case 5.56 and 5.45 are all about the same price. Brass case, 5.56 is cheaper, usually, than anything available in 7.62x39 and 5.45x39. And nearly no 5.56 currently available is corrosive either.
Worth mentioning that most cheap Russian stuff has thicker jackets than US produced 5.56 as well, so likelihood of fragmentation is reduced even further beyond the velocity disparities...