Is there a safer/less toxic option that is cheaper and as effective?
Yes!
For a general solvent, I used to use Ballistol, which is basicly thinned Mineral Oil, until I found that Baby Oil was similar enough so as to suffice very nicely. It can also be used as a Lubricant and Metal protectant, but I rarely use it for that. Baby Oil is quite Polymer safe as well, coming in a plastic bottle. For a Grease, generic Petroleum Jelly works very nicely.
For a seriously carboned up barrel, I will sometimes use Apple Cider Vinegar as a Solvent, but no where else but the bore should it be used. I will rinse out the Barrel with Water after it's use and then carefully dry it out with patches and also spray it down with Disc Brake Cleaner.
For a Polymer Safe Spray Cleaner, CRC Electrical Contact Cleaner works very nicely, evaporating just like Disc Brake Cleaner, the latter which I also use. You can find CRC Electrical Contact Cleaner in the Automotive sections of many Department Stores.