The powder that has been discussed as POSSIBLY wearing the barrel is flat black. There have been literally hundreds of pounds of it shot by the guys at castboolits and noone has reported any barrel wear. That doesn't mean it shouldn't be something to keep an eye on. If you make your own aluminum gaschecks, it is advisable to keep the painted side out, as the interior will oxidize. As you mentioned, aluminum oxide is harder than diamonds and could damage the barrel.
My first attempt with powder coating was with the tumbler method. I would say my results were acceptable, but not as good as Shake and Bake BB Dry Tumble. It could be that I didn't have enough powder in the tumbler, but it seemed like the vibration would knock the powder off. To be fair, I haven't tried the Tumbler method with BB's, just powder and boolits.
So far I have used Mirror Black, Transparent Candy Red, Kawasaki Green, and Wet Orange.
My last coating session, I did some Lee C270-110-1R for use in my 6.8. It was much more humid this session and I did not get as good of coverage as I have been getting. Anyone else notice that humidity affecting adhesion? It makes sense that it wouldn't have as much charge, but my results with the Orange were less than good looking. I gave them 2 coats. They are definitely shootable, but are no where near as visually appealing as previous efforts.