First, never ever shoot to wound. That shows the jury that you, in your own mind, didn't believe you had the right to use deadly physical force. This means you used a force you knew you were not authorized to use, and congrats, you just bought all kinds of charges, attempted manslaughter, maiming, etc. If you employ deadly physical force, useit correctly, that amount of force that is likely to cause death or serious physical injury. Yeah, I have to sit through the class every year for my job.

So, yes, a civilian can be hung for excessive force, usually using deadly physical force when physical force was all that was justified, but all circumstances are taken into consideration, even if this is an ongoing domestic violence issue - that's written into the law know.
Civilians do get lots of legal protection, but law enforcement have protection under color of law. The amount of force we can use is dictated by the situation, policy and law. Minimum amount of force neccesary is usually the leixcon. After the fact it becomes an investigation to determine if that was correct. Dash cameras, throat mikes, eyewitness statements, and regular camers, (in my world), will dictate the end result. If the amount of force used is reasonable and neccesary, all good. If someone is beating a handcuffed subject with an ASP, because they spit on them, they just demoted themselves to inmate, and I support that. LE needs to be held to a higher standard, not a lower one.
Also, the Castle Doctrine, and all other legal protections can also be applied to LE in certain circumstances, praticularly off duty.
But back to your stolen tool scenario, no, civilian or LE will be hung out to dry for firing at someone stealing a tool from an open unattached garage. You left the door open, and someone snatches a wrench and runs off, oops, your bad, watch him run down the street for a description and direction, call PD, make a report.
NOW, there IS an exception to this.
If your garage is attached to your home, like mine, it is considered an extension of your home. In this state, you have the right to use deadly force to prevent several crimes, two of them being Armed Burglary, and Burglary of an Occupied Structure, aka Burglary in the 1st and 2nd Degree. Should you? That is between you and your God, but Castle Doctrine, and pre existing AZ state law says yes, in that case. Will the DA prosecute? I don't know, we haven't tested that one in court yet. Would I shoot someone who is in my garage stealing something? Not likely. If he comes at me or mine, or attempts to come in my home, then the possability is much higher of me utilizing lawful deadly physical force.
Clear as mud?
